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KMID : 1150720210100020011
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Integrative Medicine Research
2021 Volume.10 No. 2 p.11 ~ p.11
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Effects of gintonin-enriched fraction on hippocampal gene expressions
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Lee Ra-Mi
Lee Na-Eun
Choi Sun-Hye
Nam Sung-Min
Kim Hyoung-Chun
Rhim Hye-Whon
Cho Ik-Hyun
Hwang Sung-Hee
Nah Seung-Yeol
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Abstract
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Background: Recently, gintonin and gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) have been isolated from ginseng, a herbal medicine. Gintonin induces [Ca2+]i transition in cultured hippocampal neurons and stimulates acetylcholine release through LPA receptor activation. Oral administration of GEF is linked to hippocampus-dependent cognitive enhancement and other neuroprotective effects; however, effects of its long-term administration on hippocampal gene expression remains unknown. Here, we used next-generation sequence (NGS) analysis to examine changes in hippocampal gene expressions after long-term oral administration of GEF.
Methods: C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: control group, GEF50 (GEF 50?mg/kg, p.o.), and GEF100 (GEF 100?mg/kg, p.o.). After 22 days, total RNA was extracted from mouse hippocampal tissues. NGS was used for gene expression profiling; quantitative-real-time PCR and western blot were performed to quantify the changes in specific genes and to confirm the protein expression levels in treatment groups.
Results: NGS analysis screened a total of 23,282 genes, analyzing 11-related categories. We focused on the neurogenesis category, which includes four genes for candidate markers: choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) gene, β3-adrenergic receptor (Adrb3) gene, and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (Crh) gene, and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (Tdo2) gene. Real-time PCR showed a marked overexpression of ChAT, Adrb3, and Crh genes, while reduced expression of Tdo2. Western blot analysis also confirmed increased ChAT and decreased Tdo2 protein levels.
Conclusion: We found that GEF affects mouse hippocampal gene expressions, associated with memory, cognitive, anti-stress and anti-anxiety functions, and neurodegeneration at differential degree, that might explain the genetic bases of GEF-mediated neuroprotective effects.
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KEYWORD
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Ginseng, Gintonin, Hippocampus gene, NGS analysis, Cognition
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